Three Axes of Flight All manoeuvring flight takes place around one or more of the three axes of rotation. They are called the longitudinal, lateral and vertical axes of flight. The common reference point for the three axes is the airplane’s centre of gravity (CG), which is the theoretical point where the entire weight of…
THE FOUR FORCES OF FLIGHT During flight, the four forces acting on the airplane are lift, weight, thrust, and drag. Lift is the upward force created by the effect of airflow as it passes over and under the wings. It supports the airplane in flight. Weight opposes lift. It is caused by the downward pull…
The last time we discovered that the national flag carrier, Pakistan International Airlines was a burden to the economy early in 2016, two men died in the protests surrounding the proposed panacea of privation. The process got stalled at least for six months. Six months turned into a year, a year is running towards the…
Role: Narrow-body jet airliner National origin: United States Manufacturer: Douglas Aircraft Company (1958-1967); McDonnell Douglas (1967-1972) First flight: May 30, 1958 Introduction: September 18, 1959, with Delta Air Lines and United Airlines Status: In limited service as cargo aircraft Primary users United Airlines UPS Airlines Delta Air Lines Produced: 1958–1972 Number built: 556 The Douglas…
American 965 Investigated by Aeronautica Civil Colombia, Santafe de Bogota NTSB Washington D.C. Type: B757-223 Registration: N651AA History of Flight On Dec. 20, 1995, at 2142 EST, American Airlines Flight 965, a scheduled passenger flight from Miami (MIA) Florida, USA to Alfonso Bonilla Aragon International Airport (SKCL) in Cali, Colombia, operating under instrument flight rules…
The posts in blue in the index are my personal experiences while working for Pakistan International Airlines. Updated April 20, 2018. Flying to Gilgit, Skardu and Chitral 1967-75 Memories of Captain Javaidullah The Making of an Airline Captain The Formative Years A Brush with Death Windshear Runway Zero Seven Left Pakistan Seven Zero Three If I…
One thing that has always helped make the airline industry strong and safe is the concept that pilot’s all captain’s authority. What that means is we have a measure of autonomy, the ability to make an independent, professional judgment within the framework of professional standards. The problem today is that pilots are viewed differently. Over…
The WordPress.com stats helper monkeys prepared a 2015 annual report for this blog. Here’s an excerpt: A San Francisco cable car holds 60 people. This blog was viewed about 380 times in 2015. If it were a cable car, it would take about 6 trips to carry that many people. Click here to see the…
June 26, 1971, AP-ATO, F-27, Zuberi, LHE-MUX-UET-KHI Multan elevation is 403 feet, Quetta (Samungli) airfield is 5287 feet and Karachi is 100 feet. On sector MUX-UET, we crossed a reciprocal F-27 flight near Multan (Capt. Nasim, F/O S.A. Aziz) who gave a cloudy picture enroute and near Quetta. Near destination captain had to be…
Various complex motions and forces and certain visual scenes encountered in flight can create illusions of motion and position. Spatial disorientation from these illusions can be prevented only by visual reference to reliable, fixed points on the ground or to flight instruments. The leans: An abrupt correction of a banked attitude, which has been entered…
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